Determining the optimal number of factors to retain in exploratory factor analysis (EFA) has long been a subject of debate in social sciences research. Finch (2020) addresses this challenge by comparing the performance of fit index difference values and parallel analysis, a well-established method in this field. The study offers valuable insights into how these approaches perform under varying conditions, particularly with categorical and normally distributed indicators.
Background
Exploratory factor analysis is widely used to identify underlying structures in datasets. However, selecting the correct number of factors to retain has proven complex, as no single method consistently outperforms others across all scenarios. Fit indices and parallel analysis are frequently used techniques, but their effectiveness varies depending on data characteristics such as distribution and factor loadings. Finch’s research investigates these differences through a simulation-based study.
Key Insights
- Performance of Fit Index Difference Values: Finch found that fit index difference values were more effective than parallel analysis for categorical indicators and for normally distributed indicators when factor loadings were low.
- Parallel Analysis Limitations: While parallel analysis remains a trusted method, its performance was less reliable in the scenarios tested, particularly with smaller factor loadings.
- Practical Applications: The results suggest that fit index difference values may serve as a strong alternative, especially in studies with categorical data or where factor loadings are minimal.
Significance
This study provides researchers with a nuanced understanding of statistical tools for EFA. By highlighting the conditions under which fit index difference values outperform parallel analysis, Finch’s findings help refine methodological choices in social sciences research. Improved factor retention decisions can lead to more accurate interpretations of data, ultimately enhancing the quality and validity of findings.
Future Directions
Further research could expand on Finch’s work by exploring how fit index difference values perform across more diverse datasets and varying levels of factor complexity. Additionally, developing guidelines for when to prioritize this approach over parallel analysis could improve its practical application in research settings.
Conclusion
Finch’s study offers valuable contributions to the ongoing discussion about factor retention in exploratory factor analysis. By demonstrating the strengths of fit index difference values under specific conditions, the research supports more informed decision-making in statistical analyses. This work underscores the importance of tailoring methodological choices to the unique characteristics of each dataset.
Reference
Finch, W. H. (2020). Using Fit Statistic Differences to Determine the Optimal Number of Factors to Retain in an Exploratory Factor Analysis. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 80(2), 217-241. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164419865769
